<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2638</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Soft rings based on soft binary operations</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Jemberie</surname>
            <given-names>Yohannes Taye</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Belayneh</surname>
            <given-names>Berhanu Bekele</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wale</surname>
            <given-names>Zelalem Teshome</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Addis</surname>
            <given-names>Gezahagne Mulat</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fufa</surname>
            <given-names>Samuel Asefa</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sharma</surname>
            <given-names>Durga Prasad</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computing and Software Engineering, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <fpage>3011</fpage>
      <lpage>3025</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>This paper aims to study soft rings using the concept of soft binary operations as a quadruple (ℜ, *, △, P) involving of a non-empty set R and soft binary operations (*, P) and (△, P) satisfying all the ring axioms in softness settings. We study soft rings, along with related concepts like soft subrings and soft ideals. Their properties and relationships between soft rings and classical rings are examined, and elucidated by examples. Furthermore, soft Boolean rings and prime soft ideals are defined and associated theorems are proved.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Soft sets</kwd>
        <kwd>Soft rings</kwd>
        <kwd>θ-unit element</kwd>
        <kwd>θ-idempotent element</kwd>
        <kwd>θ-nilpotency index</kwd>
        <kwd>Soft ideals</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
