<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2594</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A bipartite graph associated to Hamiltonian degrees of finite groups</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Erfanian</surname>
            <given-names>A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Pure Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Analysis on Algebraic Structures, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775, Iran</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Al-Kaseasbeh</surname>
            <given-names>S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, 66110, Jordan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Al Tahan</surname>
            <given-names>M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, 59911, United Arab Emirates</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>1421</fpage>
      <lpage>1434</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In this article, we employ the notion of Hamiltonian degree to connect group theory with graph theory. To do this, we present a new graph associated with a finite group G represented by the symbol ΓP(G). We explore ΓP(G)’s structural characteristics, such as its connectedness, planarity, vertex degrees, regularity, and the characteristics of its generated subgraphs.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Dihedral group</kwd>
        <kwd>Star graph</kwd>
        <kwd>Bipartite graph</kwd>
        <kwd>Regular graph</kwd>
        <kwd>Hamiltonian degree</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
