Businesses are facing new online dangers because their IT systems are getting more complicated. To protect themselves, they need strong, flexible, and resource-efficient defences. This paper looks at how optimization methods can be used to make business security systems stronger. Linear and nonlinear optimization models help you make structured decisions that minimize costs and risks, and metaheuristic techniques like genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and ant colony optimization let you deal with threats in a way that adapts to them. It is possible to combine goal functions and limits that show how information flows in a business using maths. The results show that methods based on optimization improve the reliability, efficiency, and flexibility of defending sensitive business information assets.