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<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2502</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Developing adaptive password strength algorithms using deep learning for enhanced cybersecurity</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Desai</surname>
            <given-names>Latika Rahul</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, Akurdi, D. Y. Patil College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Shankar</surname>
            <given-names>Poorna</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Application, Indira College of Engineering and Management, Pune, Maharashtra, 410506, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kumar</surname>
            <given-names>Jambi Ratna Raja</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Engineering, Genba Sopanrao Moze College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, 411045, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sharma</surname>
            <given-names>Deepika</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Sciences, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 203201, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gladence</surname>
            <given-names>L. Mary</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Information Technology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hossain</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammad Alamgir</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 82817-2820, Saudi Arabia</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>2-A</issue>
      <fpage>599</fpage>
      <lpage>607</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Often exploited by brute-force and credential-stuffing attacks, modern protection methods are still generally weak and simple to guess passwords. Because they are constant and ignore the context, traditional password strength meters—which rely on rule-based formulae or entropy calculations—are becoming poorer at assessing how safe a password is in the real world. The research offers a flexible, deep learning-based approach to assess password strength. The system uses convolutional, recurrent, and transformer-based neural architectures to better grasp the patterns in the syntax and meaning of passwords. To adapt to new password patterns and attack paths, the model employs massive real-world and made-up datasets, a character-level embedding approach, dynamic scoring systems, and continuous learning. The proposed model outperforms standard and baseline classifiers by a wide margin in trials in accuracy (91.6%), precision (90.2%), recall (89.7%), and ROC-AUC (0.956). Case studies reveal that the model can identify false password patterns and provide more accurate power evaluations. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Password strength estimation</kwd>
        <kwd>Cybersecurity</kwd>
        <kwd>Deep learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Adaptive learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Convolutional neural networks (CNN)</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
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          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
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        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
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  </front>
</article>
