Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in environmental monitoring, industry automation, and military surveillance. However, their limited power, memory, and computer capabilities make personal communication difficult. This research examines how successfully WSNs protect data using polynomial cryptography without affecting device performance. The suggested authentication and encryption mechanism uses polynomials. Polynomial key settlement and polynomial hash-based message verification enable this.  Modular algebra and finite topic algebra allow sensor nodes to be computed with little power. Network durability, packet transit ratio (PDR), power usage, and encryption time are performance indicators.  MATLAB simulations show that polynomial cryptography reduces laptop work and increases node lifespan. They safeguard against replay, node capture, and man-in-the-middle cryptographic attacks.  Compared to lightweight cryptographic techniques, the polynomial methodology encrypts data 15–20% faster and saves 30% more energy. This might improve energy-efficient and safe wireless communication systems.