<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-3072</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Algebraic construction and security evaluation of substitution boxes using finite field and permutation group techniques</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Manideepika</surname>
            <given-names>M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of CSE (Artificial Intelligence &amp; Machine Learning), Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada District, Andhra Pradesh, 533437, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Kute</surname>
            <given-names>Dinesh Baban</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, 411044, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mokashi</surname>
            <given-names>Amruta Tejaskumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Chemical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 411037, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shrivastava</surname>
            <given-names>Padmavati</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rungta College of Engineering and Technology, Rungta International Skills University, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sethi</surname>
            <given-names>Dipak</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>School of Nursing, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 203201, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pathak</surname>
            <given-names>Pooja</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Engineering &amp; Applications, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>10-C</issue>
      <fpage>4547</fpage>
      <lpage>4556</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>S-boxes (substitution boxes) are essential nonlinear elements that guarantee confusion in symmetric cryptosystems, but it is still difficult to come up with structures that have a good algebraic and cryptographic structure. This paper is an attempt to suggest a hybrid construction approach characterized by a combination of finite field GF(2n) transformations and permutation group techniques to create secure and efficient S-boxes. The method is a combination of algebraic inversion, affine mapping and permutation cycles to maximize nonlinearity, objectivity and resistance to differential and linear cryptanalysis. The proposed construction of hybrid S-box uses finite-field inversion, affine transformations and permutation-group operations to enhance the cryptographic substitution properties. The results reported here show a nonlinearity of 114, while AES S-box and traditional S-box have values of 112 and 96, respectively, which represent 1.79% and 18.75% improvement, respectively. The proposed construction meets the AES baseline by +1.4 and +2.4 percentage points on both the Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) and Bit Independence Criterion (BIC) respectively. The reported computational time is 11.1 ms which is 11.90% faster than traditional S-box but 7.77% slower than AES. These comparisons suggest that these characteristics are reported to be better with little to be gained in terms of computation.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>S-box design</kwd>
        <kwd>Finite fields</kwd>
        <kwd>Permutation groups</kwd>
        <kwd>Nonlinearity</kwd>
        <kwd>Differential uniformity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
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    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
