<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-3091</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A hybrid cryptographic framework with machine learning-based anomaly detection for secure network traffic using UNSW-NB15</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bhagirath</surname>
            <given-names>Swami Nisha</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Applications, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jain</surname>
            <given-names>Bindiya</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303905, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Singh</surname>
            <given-names>Pragya</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies (Noida), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bhavnagar</surname>
            <given-names>Vaibhav</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Applications, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Handa</surname>
            <given-names>Rajesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Centre for Distance and Online Education (CDOE), Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>29</volume>
      <issue>10-C</issue>
      <fpage>4775</fpage>
      <lpage>4786</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>The advancement of technology is changing digital communication systems rapidly. The development of network topologies is equally growing. Both trends have led to an increase in the number of cyber threats. Intelligent and adaptive Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) have become more necessary to counter the growing threat of cyber-attacks that include zero-day exploits, polymorphic malware, and other malicious traffic patterns. Sophisticated attacks could go undetected in large-scale network environments. This paper proposed the possibility of using structured machine learning in intrusion detection by utilizing the UNSW-NB15 Dataset. The analysis involved comparison of five machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Neural Network, Gradient Boosting, and Stochastic Gradient Descent. The Random Forest model achieved high accuracy.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Network intrusion detection system</kwd>
        <kwd>Cybersecurity</kwd>
        <kwd>Machine learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Network traffic analysis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
