<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2466</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Analysis of the robustness and cryptographic security of a DCT-based image watermarking scheme</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Upadhyay</surname>
            <given-names>Govind Murari</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Applications, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tewari</surname>
            <given-names>Naveen</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>School of Computing, Bhimtal Campus, Graphic Era Hill University, Nainital, Uttrakhand, 263136, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shanker</surname>
            <given-names>Surabhi</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Centre of Excellence-Cyber Security, School of Engineering and Technology, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Phogat</surname>
            <given-names>Ajay Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science, Maharaja Surajmal Institute, Janakpuri, Delhi, 110058, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Misra</surname>
            <given-names>Aparna</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science &amp; Information Technology, Trinity Institute of Professional Studies, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Malche</surname>
            <given-names>Timothy</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Applications, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <fpage>3049</fpage>
      <lpage>3058</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Image watermarking is a crucial technique used to protect digital media from unauthorized access and ensure copyright security. In cryptography, image watermarking is the process of encoding visible or hidden data onto digital photographs for uses like secure communication, copyright protection, and authentication. By identifying unlawful changes, it protects image integrity and aids in ownership verification. However, the effectiveness of a watermarking system depends significantly on its robustness against various attacks and understanding how different attacks can affect the quality of watermarked images. In this paper, the performance of a discrete cosine transforms (DCT) based image watermarking scheme is analyzed in the presence of different security attacks like salt-pepper noise, median and motion attacks. The performance is evaluated both visually and by MSE parameters.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Digital image watermarking security</kwd>
        <kwd>Cryptography</kwd>
        <kwd>DCT</kwd>
        <kwd>Salt and pepper noise</kwd>
        <kwd>Median attack</kwd>
        <kwd>Motion attack</kwd>
        <kwd>Industry innovation and infrastructure</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
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    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
