<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2342</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A framework for strengthening blockchain security</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Dey</surname>
            <given-names>Niti</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700125, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghosh</surname>
            <given-names>Shivnath</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700125, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pal</surname>
            <given-names>Souvik</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Management Information Systems, Saveetha College of Liberal Arts And Sciences, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, India</aff>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sister Nivedita University, Kolkata, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kumar</surname>
            <given-names>Raghvendra</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology University, Gunupur, Odisha, 765022, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>2583</fpage>
      <lpage>2593</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>The world is progressing, and a healthy community is required to make the necessary development. Healthcare data are predictions of a person’s health over time. Information breaches occur due to the centralized method of preserving hospital records. The 2017 Ponemon Cost of Data Breach Research estimates that $380 per record will be the cost of a security breach for healthcare businesses. In the era of smart homes and cities, personal client information, such as names, addresses, and medical conditions, is frequently at risk. This is closely related to the security issues surrounding Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Despite advanced privacy measures designed to protect EHRs, users often find themselves unable to access their data. There needs to be a balance between ensuring users and healthcare providers can interact with the data and maintaining its security. Blockchain technology offers a solution by decentralizing and securely distributing data, making it useful in healthcare for balancing EHR accessibility and protection. This article proposes a Blockchain-based EHR Management Model (BC-EHRMM) for efficient preservation and management of EHRs. Additionally, this offers patients, clinicians, and third parties convenient, secure access to healthcare records while protecting patient privacy. This article examines how the research satisfies the interests of patients, clinicians, and other stakeholders while maintaining privacy and safety issues in Healthcare 4.0.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Blockchain</kwd>
        <kwd>Healthcare records</kwd>
        <kwd>Smart contract</kwd>
        <kwd>Security</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
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          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
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  </front>
</article>
