<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-1966</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Double Roman domination number of the zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kumar</surname>
            <given-names>Ravindra</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Ram Sewak Singh Mahila College Sitamarhi, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 842001, India</aff>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Singh</surname>
            <given-names>Ashutosh</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Prakash</surname>
            <given-names>Om</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 801106, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>765</fpage>
      <lpage>781</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In 2016, Beeler et al. [9] introduced the concept of the double Roman dominating function and the double Roman domination number(DRDN) of a graph. Following the same concept, we extend the study and calculate the double Roman domination number of the zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring N  and its complement graph. Also, we find the DRDN of the total graph of the ring N. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Commutative ring</kwd>
        <kwd>Roman domination number</kwd>
        <kwd>Double roman domination number</kwd>
        <kwd>Total graph</kwd>
        <kwd>Zero-divisor graph of a ring</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
