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<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2248</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Exploring metric dimensions in chemical structures : Insights and applications</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chaudhry</surname>
            <given-names>Faryal</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Maktoof</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed Abdul Jaleel</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Technologies Engineering, Al-Turath University, Al Mansour, Baghdad, 10013, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mousa</surname>
            <given-names>Sura Hamed</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science, College of Sciences, Mustansiriyah University, Al-Turath University, Al Mansour, Baghdad, 10013, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Farooq</surname>
            <given-names>Umar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Farahani</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammad Reza</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16844, Iran</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Alaeiyan</surname>
            <given-names>Mehdi</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16844, Iran</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Choudhary</surname>
            <given-names>Rahul Raj</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Institute of Engineering and Technology, Centre for Research Impact &amp; Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zaidi</surname>
            <given-names>Muhaned</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Pharmacy, Al-Manara College For Medical Sciences, Maysan, 62006, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mtasher</surname>
            <given-names>Ahmed Ali</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Nisour Seq. Karkh, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, 10013, Iraq</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cancan</surname>
            <given-names>Murat</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, 65090, Turkey</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>28</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>491</fpage>
      <lpage>509</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In this article, we dive into the metric dimension of various lattice networks, focusing on Bakelite, Backbone DNA, and Polythiophene networks. The metric dimension is a crucial graph invariant that helps us understand how uniquely we can identify the vertices in a network. Our detailed analysis and calculations reveal that the metric dimension for Bakelite, Polythiophene, and Backbone DNA networks is consistently two. This means that, within these lattice structures, a simple pair of vertices is enough to pinpoint the location of all other vertices. These insights shed light on the structural properties of these molecular networks and could have practical implications for areas like biological systems and organic electronics. Plus, this study sets the stage for future research in graph theory and the understanding of molecular structures. </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Metric dimension</kwd>
        <kwd>Vertex identification</kwd>
        <kwd>Polythiophene network</kwd>
        <kwd>Backbone DNA network</kwd>
        <kwd>Bakelite network</kwd>
        <kwd>Graph theory</kwd>
        <kwd>Lattice networks</kwd>
        <kwd>Organic electronics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
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        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
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    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
