<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-1765</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>OCA: An intelligent model for improving security breach of biometric based authentication systems</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Sharma</surname>
            <given-names>Sandeep Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kumar</surname>
            <given-names>Anil</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ashtagi</surname>
            <given-names>Rashmi</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Engineering, Bibwewadi, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, 411037, India</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jain</surname>
            <given-names>Rekha</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Computer Application, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>26</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>1415</fpage>
      <lpage>1425</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>In the recent era, biometrics is one of the most used authentication systems. Generally, biometric systems are based on imaging technology, which works on scanned images. This system processes the image and compares it with the database and decides authenticity of user. Authentication and faster response are the key objectives of all biometric systems, but they suffered from a serious issue i.e., security breach. In this article, a Cellular Automata based method is introduced, which processes the image and identify possible security breaches. The proposed method analysis all the pixels of the image and maps a rule, which processes the image and generates a gray image by defining all the possible edges of the image objects. The gray image contains only binary values, which may reduce the chance of breach and decrease the comparison time of gray image with database. In this paper, the proposed method is experimented on the open-source dataset and the results are validated using authentication parameters.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Biometric</kwd>
        <kwd>Authentication</kwd>
        <kwd>Cellular automata</kwd>
        <kwd>Edge</kwd>
        <kwd>Transition function</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
