<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Research Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">journal-of-discrete-mathematical-sciences-and-cryptography</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2169-0065</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">0972-0529</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Taru Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47974/JDMSC-2400</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Some results on the graph associated to centralizer of elements of a group</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mahroughi</surname>
            <given-names>S.  S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, P. O. Box 45371-38791, Iran</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amiri</surname>
            <given-names>S.   M. Jafarian</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, P. O. Box 45371-38791, Iran</aff>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name>
            <surname>Erfanian</surname>
            <given-names>A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <aff>Department of Pure Mathematics, Centre of Excellence in Analysis on Algebraic Structures, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran</aff>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>13</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>The aim of this paper is to give some results on the graph associated to a finite group G and subset S of G – Z(G) as defined in [9] with vertex set consisting are all elements in G – (Z(G) ∪ S). Two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only there exists an element s ∈ S such that [x, s] = [y, s] = 1, where [x, s] = x–1 s–1 xs is the commutator of elements x and s. The results stated here are mostly new or an improvement of results give in the above paper.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Centralizer</kwd>
        <kwd>Diameter</kwd>
        <kwd>Clique number</kwd>
        <kwd>Independence number</kwd>
        <kwd>Planar graph</kwd>
        <kwd>Outer planar graph</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
